Performance Evaluation of a Four-Matrix-Based Method for Synthesizing a 12-Lead Electrocardiogram from 3-Quasi-Orthogonal Leads

Mobile ECG devices effectively detect arrhythmias but often miss acute conditions like heart attacks due to the limited data from just 1-2 leads. We have recently proposed a novel method of ECG synthesis for synthesize 12-lead ECG from 3 quasiorthogonal ECG leads using a 4-matrix (4M) transformation. The approach employs four personalized matrices to reconstruct the P wave, QRS complex, ST segment, and T wave, calibrated from non-simultaneous 3-lead and 12-lead ECG measurements. Here we provide a detailed account on the method testing on the recordings obtained from 64 healthy volunteers. The method outperforms the EASI-based synthesis, achieving a mean cross-correlation (CC) of 0.96 versus 0.89 for EASI. Morphology and cardiac angle agreement, assessed via Pearson R-correlation, is also superior. The 4 M method enables reliable diagnostic interpretation, making it suitable for converting mobile 3-lead ECG device data into accurate synthesized 12-lead recordings.