Weather Monitoring System for Plants using ESP32

Inefficient water use and water scarcity are major concerns of contemporary agriculture, with high water usage and variable crop yield. Conventional irrigation systems are usually non-automated and lack real-time monitoring and therefore inefficiently utilize the resources. To overcome this challenge, this work introduces an ESP32 microcontroller-based IoT smart irrigation system with soil moisture sensors and a mobile app for automated water control. The proposed system continuously tracks soil moisture and atmospheric temperature and dynamically controls irrigation based on real-time information. When the moisture content drops below a set threshold, the ESP32 microcontroller automatically switches on a solenoid valve, allowing for effective water distribution. A mobile app facilitates remote monitoring and control, with users able to make data-driven changes for maximum crop growth. Experimental findings show the system saves water at a relatively higher level compared to the traditional irrigation strategy without compromising the optimal level of soil moisture. Laboratory and field testing verifies the automated method yields increased plant growth, minimizes human intervention, and maximizes resource utilization. The use of IoT technology achieves scalability, responsiveness, and durability in farming methods, making the system a sound option for precision agriculture.