Sustained AC Plasma Generation at Low Voltage Using a Miniaturized High-Q Rosen Transformer

This work presents the design and experimental results for a suspended bulk lithium niobate Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer capable of generating stable, nonthermal atmospheric plasma with an input power as low as 33 mW. The piezoelectric transformer, optimized using COMSOL Multiphysics, achieved an unloaded quality factor of 4,370 in air, and a voltage gain sufficient for plasma onset at 2.69 VRMS. Thermal imaging confirmed that the plasma remained near ambient temperature throughout operation, demonstrating the nonthermal nature of the discharge. These results mark a significant reduction in required power compared to prior studies and establish a foundation for low-power plasma applications.