Efficient Farmland Protection System Using Machine Learning Techniques for Animal Identification

Agriculture remains the primary livelihood for millions worldwide, yet wild and stray animals pose a significant threat by damaging crops and endangering farmers' lives. Traditional methods like electrical fencing, chemical repellents, and firecrackers are not only labor-intensive but also unethical and inefficient. The lack of effective detection systems leaves farmers vulnerable, with significant crop losses reported in states like Karnataka, Odisha, and Kerala due to monkeys and elephants. This situation calls for an innovative and humane solution to safeguard farmlands. The proposed system aims to prevent crop losses and protect farmers by ethically deterring wild animals from entering agricultural areas. Powered by a Raspberry Pi 3, the system uses PIR sensors to detect movement and triggers an IR camera for monitoring. Upon detection, it generates ultrasonic sounds and light flashes to repel animals without causing harm, as the frequencies used are beyond the audible range for humans. Additionally, alerts are sent to farm owners via Telegram API for real-time monitoring. This solar-powered solution is environmentally friendly and operates off-grid, reducing maintenance and operational costs. By continuously monitoring the farmland, it provides an efficient and sustainable way to protect crops, ensuring ethical deterrence without disrupting human or animal ecosystems.