An Optimized Behavioral Intervention for Managing Gestational Weight Gain Using Semi-Physical Modeling and Hybrid Model Predictive Control

This paper describes an optimized behavioral intervention Healthy Mom Zone (HMZ) for managing gestational weight gain featuring sequential decision-making using Hybrid Model Predictive Control (HMPC). Dynamical models incorporating both behavioral and physiological aspects of the problem are presented and estimated from HMZ participant data via constrained semi-physical modeling. Daily measurements are provided to a controller that ultimately makes judicious (though infrequent) augmentations on categorical dosages of healthy eating and physical activity intervention components. Consequently, an HMPC algorithm is required which must follow a logical sequence of control actions conforming to practical requirements. A case study shows the benefits relative to a conventional "IF-THEN" approach. The computational framework (both modeling and control) serves as the basis for the Healthy Mom Zone 2.0 intervention currently being evaluated in a randomized clinical trial (NIH R01DK134863, NCT05807594) at Penn State University.