Low-Power and Low-Phase Noise 94-GHz and 107.2-GHz Differential Fundamental Oscillators in 70-nm GaAs pHEMT Technology

This paper presents a family of four W-band ($75-110 \text{GHz}$) differential fundamental oscillators ($94 / 102.7 / 104.4 / 107.2 \text{GHz}$) implemented in state-of-the-art $70-\text{nm}$ GaAs pHEMT (PP07) technology, featuring a peak $f_{\mathrm{T}} / f_{\text {max }}$ of $160/360 ~ \text{GHz}$. The differential oscillator core utilizes cross-coupled pair with an inherently grounded source which is optimized for mm-wave performance. The $94 - \text{GHz}$ oscillator delivers a phase noise and a differential output power of $-115.2 \text{dBc} / \text{Hz}$ (at $10-\text{MHz}$ offset) and -3 dBm, respectively, while consuming 74.5 mW. The $107.2-\text{GHz}$ oscillator, with a reduced mesa for enhanced performance, achieves a phase noise of $-113.3 \text{dBc} / \text{Hz}$ (at $10-\text{MHz}$ offset) and a differential output power of -8.8 dBm while consuming only 29 mW, including the output buffers. To the best of the authors' knowledge, these mm-wave oscillators achieve the highest oscillation frequencies with low phase noise and low DC power consumption among previously published GaAs pHEMT single-ended and differential fundamental oscillators.