Differential-Mode Characterization of Multi-Port Passives up to 170GHz Using Independent Single-Ended Two-Port Measurements

Fully differential measurements in D-band $(110-170 \text{GHz})$ are challenging due to the absence of differential multi-port measurement equipment. This work presents a methodology to enable full differential-mode characterization up to 170 GHz exploiting consecutive single-ended measurements. The measurement methodology is experimentally validated by multi-sample characterization of a differential 4-port quadrature hybrid designed in 22 nm FDSOI technology.