Robust PCB Design with Buck-Boost Converter for Enhanced Microcontroller Protection in Mobile Robots Against Vibration and Electrical Faults

A mobile robot is a machine capable of navigating and performing tasks in various environments with little to no human intervention. The integration of microcontrollers in mobile robots necessitates robust circuit protection mechanisms to ensure reliability and longevity, particularly in environments subject to vibrations and electrical disturbances. This paper presents a design and implementation of a printed circuit board (PCB) specifically developed for mobile robots. The PCB utilizes a buck-boost converter for wide-range voltage regulation, opto-isolators to prevent motor-induced feedback currents, and various protection circuits, including overvoltage, overcurrent, and reverse polarity protection for safe operation. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed design, extensive experimental testing was conducted under different voltage levels and load conditions. Experimental evaluations of voltage regulation, power loss mitigation, and circuit protection mechanisms confirmed that the PCB operates within acceptable error margins, ensuring stable and reliable performance. By integrating these protective measures into a single modular board, this work contributes to the development of safer and more resilient control systems for mobile robots.