Distributed Cooperative Control Strategy for Islanded Microgrids with Vehicle-to-Grid Integration

When an islanded microgrid encounters sudden faults in the upper-level grid, the energy storage capacity of locally parked electric vehicles (EVs) can be utilized to enhance power supply flexibility and provide frequency/voltage support. However, the varying battery capacities of EVs and their random distributed connection pose challenges for balanced control, while unreasonable power allocation among distributed power sources reduces the reliability of the microgrid system. To address this issue, this paper proposes a distributed cooperative control strategy for islanded microgrids that considers both EV energy storage balancing and flexible cut-off. This control strategy enables information exchange through a distributed network, where a secondary controller based on distributed model predictive control (DMPC) calculates secondary control adjustments in real-time to optimize power allocation. It achieves frequency and voltage regulation and recovery under conditions of line impedance mismatch and communication network delays while ensuring state of charge (SOC) balancing among EV energy storage units. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy provides an effective solution for coordinated EV/DG control in islanded microgrids without requiring a central controller, exhibiting excellent dynamic performance.