Reconfigurable Pulse Charge BMS with Pre-Charge Capability for Li-Ion Energy Storage Systems (ESSs)

Lithium batteries are extensively used for renewable energy storage systems and electric vehicles, owing to their high energy density, efficiency, and cycle life. These batteries inherently require a robust Battery Management System (BMS) to ensure optimal functionality and safety. This study addresses the critical challenges of lithium energy storage BMS, with a primary focus on real-time monitoring, charging efficiency, operational reliability, and safety of battery packs. These aspects are recognized as major challenges in contemporary research. This research proposes and implements a novel battery charge management system for renewable energy storage applications. The proposed system integrates an innovative pulse charging topology, combining a fast charging mode, temperature management system, and unique pre-charging capability to enhance charging efficiency overall performance, reliability, and safety in renewable energy harvesting scenarios. Additionally, the system aims to minimize charging time, reduce power consumption, and eliminate the concentration polarization phenomenon. This paper evaluates the proposed pulse charge BMS through simulations and experiments, analyzing its performance across different charging modes and reporting efficiencies. Experimental results demonstrate that the normal charging mode achieved a charging time of 154 minutes with 89.61 percent efficiency, while the fast charging mode reduced the time to 58 minutes and 45 seconds with 97.3 percent efficiency. This represents an 89.95 percent increase in charging speed and an 8.22 percent improvement in efficiency. The results confirmed that the proposed design achieved optimal performance and desirable outcomes during operation.