Next-Generation Databases: A Comparative Insight into NoSQL and NewSQL Systems

In the era of digital transformation, data has become a crucial asset for modern enterprises, driving innovation and informed decision-making across sectors. Traditional Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) have long been effective for managing structured data. However, the increasing volume, variety, and velocity of data have exposed limitations in RDBMS architectures. This shift has catalyzed the rise of NoSQL databases, which offer high throughput, horizontal scalability, and schema flexibility— making them well-suited for modern, dynamic applications. Building on these innovations, NewSQL databases emerge as a hybrid approach, combining the scalability and performance of NoSQL with the transactional consistency and familiar SQL interface of traditional RDBMS. This paper explores the classifications, core features, and real-world applications of both NoSQL and NewSQL databases. It further examines how these technologies are shaping the future of data management in an increasingly data-driven world.