UWB-Based Localization for Complex LOS/NLOS Indoor Environments: Solutions, Realization and Real-Life Testing

This paper provides an in-depth overview of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) localization systems tailored for complex indoor environments. It evaluates key location estimation methods, highlighting the advantages of UWB in achieving high-precision positioning. The system design, including the ranging mechanism, network architecture, and dedicated MAC protocol, is discussed in detail. Special focus is placed on fingerprinting-based localization solutions, particularly the FAUL and MAL methods, which effectively combine geometric and data-driven techniques to deliver accurate localization with minimal anchor nodes and reduced fingerprinting effort.