Evaluating the Fuel Consumption for Series Hybrid Agricultural Tractor Under Different Operating Scenarios

Agricultural tractors are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. However, their electrification presents unique challenges due to the diverse nature of agricultural operations, which involve various implements and terrain conditions. This study evaluates the performance of a series hybrid range extender powertrain architecture under different operating scenarios. To achieve this, a high-fidelity framework is developed to assess fuel consumption across multiple duty cycles and terrain conditions. The results are validated against experimental fuel consumption data from a conventional tractor performing the same duty cycles. Furthermore, a charge-sustaining energy management strategy is proposed to minimize fuel consumption while maintaining battery state of charge (SOC) and reducing the frequency of internal combustion engine activations and deactivations. The findings demonstrate an average fuel consumption reduction of 31% compared to conventional tractors, highlighting the potential benefits of hybridization in agricultural applications.