CFD-Based Simulation Comparative Study of Coal and Ammonia Co-Firing in a Coal-Fired Power Plant

This study investigates the feasibility of ammonia co-firing for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. With coal accounting for a significant portion of worldwide electricity generation and contributing to high levels of $\text{CO}_{2}$ emissions, the exploration of cleaner energy alternatives is critical. Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, the research compares coal combustion with a scenario involving co-firing of ammonia. The results reveal that ammonia co-firing caused a reduction in furnace temperatures, primarily due to increased water vapor in the flue gas. Additionally, $\text{CO}_{2}$ emissions are notably reduced, indicating improved combustion efficiency. However, the study also identifies an increase in $\mathbf{N O}_{\mathbf{x}}$ emissions, highlighting environmental concerns associated with ammonia's nitrogen content. The findings underscore the need for optimized ammonia injection strategies and further research to balance the benefits of reduced $\mathbf{C O}_{\mathbf{2}}$ emissions with the challenges posed by increased $\text{NO}_{\mathrm{x}}$ emissions. This work contributes precious understanding about ammonia co-firing as a cleaner alternative in existing coal-fired power generation systems.