Renewable Energy Variability in the Philippines: Challenges, Opportunities, and Policy Implications for Electricity Market Pricing Models

The Philippines aims to achieve a $\mathbf{5 0 \%}$ renewable energy (RE) share in its electricity mix and a 24 % economy-wide energy savings by 2040, requiring substantial advancements in the power sector and electricity market. Renewable energy (RE) integration in the Philippines continues to expand as the country aims for a more sustainable and secure energy future. However, the variability of RE is driven by weather conditions and technological limitations, which challenge maintaining stable electricity prices and a reliable supply. Electricity pricing models must evolve to address these disruptions in the market. While RE reduces dependence on fossil fuels, it can also increase price volatility and financial risk if not managed properly. To respond to these challenges, pricing mechanisms such as Real-Time Pricing (RTP), Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP), and Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) can help improve market efficiency and investment signals. To support these innovations, collaboration between government, regulators, industry, and academia is essential to modernize pricing structures, strengthen grid operations, and promote long-term energy sustainability.