Innovative Practices for Managing End-of-Life Aircraft: A Review of Circular Strategies and Digital Solutions

As the global aircraft fleet continues to age, the aviation industry is increasingly confronted with the environmental, economic, and logistical challenges of managing end-of-life (EOL) aircraft. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent innovations and strategies aimed at improving the dismantling, recycling, and valorization of retired aircraft. Emphasis is placed on circular economy principles, Lean methodologies, and emerging digital technologies that enhance traceability and operational efficiency. Tools such as blockchain, RFID systems, and predictive maintenance models are explored for their capacity to streamline EOL processes and support sustainable resource recovery. Particular attention is given to the growing presence of composite materials and the technical constraints they pose for recycling. By adopting a systematic literature review approach, this study identifies current best practices, persistent barriers, and potential avenues for integrating eco-design, automation, and collaborative frameworks into a unified model for sustainable aircraft decommissioning.