Multi-Node Collaborative Detection Deployment Method Considering Communication Constraints and Underwater Acoustic Environment

The underwater swarm detection system has significant applications in marine monitoring and resource development. However, current node deployment methods often fail to comprehensively account for detection coverage, positioning accuracy, and network connectivity. To address this, we propose an efficient node deployment scheme by establishing a multinode cooperative detection model, transforming the node deployment problem into a multi-objective optimization problem. To improve the solution efficiency, an improved Cuckoo Search (ICS) algorithm is employed, dynamically controlling the search process by adjusting step sizes to balance global exploration and local exploitation. Based on fitness, poorly performing individuals are preferentially eliminated, and the best individuals in the population are used for replacement, thereby improving the overall solution quality. Simulation experiments conducted in an $80 \text{km} \times 80 \text{km}$ monitoring area show that the ICS algorithm outperforms the Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm, with an approximately 2.54% improvement in effective detection coverage, a $\mathbf{1. 8 0 \%}$ increase in effective positioning range, while maintaining network connectivity.