Design and Simulation of a 2x2 Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for a Wireless Communication System

This challenge entails the layout and simulation of a $\mathbf{2 \times 2}$ microstrip patch antenna array supposed for use in wi-fi verbal exchange systems. Microstrip patch antennas are broadly desired because of their low profile, light-weight structure, ease of fabrication, and compatibility with planar surfaces. However, a unmarried patch antenna regularly suffers from low gain and narrow bandwidth, which limits its effectiveness in excessive overall performance applications. To address those barriers, a $\mathbf{2} \times \mathbf{2}$ antenna array configuration is proposed, wherein four equal rectangular patch elements are organized in a matrix form on a low-loss dielectric substrate. This array shape improves antenna performance by increasing gain, improving directivity, and allowing greater radiation manipulation. A company feed network is designed to calmly distribute strength to all elements and reap proper impedance matching. The antenna is modeled and simulated the usage of electromagnetic simulation software program which includes CST Microwave Studio or HFSS. The layout is optimized for parameters together with return loss (S11), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), benefit, and radiation sample. Simulation consequences show a marked improvement in benefit and radiation efficiency whilst as compared to a single patch antenna. This makes the $2 \times 2$ microstrip patch antenna array surprisingly suitable for contemporary wireless applications consisting of WLAN, Wi-Fi, and satellite television for pc communique systems.