Design and Performance Analysis of Bldc Hub Motor for Light Electric Vehicles

As the global shift toward sustainable mobility gains momentum, electric vehicles (EVs) have taken center stage due to their superior energy efficiency, reduced environmental footprint, and decreased reliance on fossil fuels. Central to EV performance is the electric motor, a component that significantly influences the vehicle's efficiency, range, and overall drive characteristics. Among the various motor technologies available, Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors have become increasingly favored for EV applications. Their advantages include high operational efficiency, strong torque performance, compact construction, and low maintenance demands. This research explores a novel propulsion method through the design and evaluation of a BLDC motor integrated within the vehicle's wheel hub. This inwheel motor approach eliminates conventional drivetrain components, such as gearboxes and drive shafts, leading to improved energy conversion, better control dynamics, and more efficient use of internal space. Finite element analysis (FEA) using JMAG Designer 23.0 is utilized to fine-tune key design elements, including air gap size, magnetic material configuration, and stator winding patterns. The optimization process aims to enhance both the torque output and system efficiency with respect to electrical input. Results confirm that the refined hub-mounted BLDC motor is well-suited for EV requirements and also opens possibilities for retrofitting traditional vehicles, supporting the broader implementation of clean transportation technologies.