A Review of Lightning Protection Technologies for Electric Vehicles

The accelerated development of electric vehicles (EVs) is pivotal for environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, due to the vulnerability of internal electronic components to electromagnetic interference, EVs may be susceptible to malfunctions caused by strong external electromagnetic fields. As a natural phenomenon, the overvoltage and electromagnetic interference triggered by lightning can pose a potential threat to EVs. To ensure the safe operation of EVs, research into lightning protection technology is imperative. This paper reviews the lightning protection technology of EVs. The mechanisms of direct and indirect lightning strikes are introduced, followed by a summary of the research progress of lightning effect simulation and early warning technology. A detailed analysis of existing lightning protection technologies for EVs is presented, highlighting current challenges and future development directions. The insights in this paper aim to deepen the understanding of lightning protection technology for EVs and promote the development of the electric vehicle industry.