Innovative IoT-Based Electrical Leakage Detection and Safety Protocol

Electrical leakage poses a significant safety risk in residential, commercial, and industrial settings. Leakage currents, which can arise from insulation breakdown, moisture intrusion, or damaged wiring, may result in serious outcomes such as electric shocks, equipment failure, and electrical fires. Traditional Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCBs) act as protective devices by detecting leakage and cutting off the power supply when a fault is identified. However, these conventional systems are reactive, only responding after a leakage event has occurred, which may not adequately prevent potential dangers. To overcome this drawback, this paper introduces an IoT-based Electrical Leakage Detection System designed to improve safety through real-time monitoring and proactive response strategies. The system utilizes an ESP8266 micro-controller paired with a Current Transformer (CT) coil sensor to continuously track current flow and detect abnormal patterns that suggest leakage. The non-invasive nature of the CT coil sensor facilitates straightforward installation without altering existing wiring. When a leakage or hazardous current fluctuation is detected, the system activates a comprehensive alert mechanism that includes visual signals (LED lights), auditory alarms (buzzer), and remote notifications via mobile devices. This ensures that users are quickly alerted to dangerous conditions, allowing for prompt action. Additionally, to avert damage or accidents, the system features a relay module that can automatically disconnect the power supply in critical scenarios. The incorporation of IoT technology in this system provides substantial benefits over traditional ELCBs by enabling continuous data transmission, remote monitoring, and control. Users can access real-time current status from any location, enhancing situational awareness and decreasing the likelihood of undetected faults. The system's capacity for instant feedback and automated responses not only improves safety but also reduces downtime and operational disruptions.