Compact Multiband Fractal Antenna Design with Circular and Triangular Geometries for Higher Frequency Wireless Systems

Multiband fractal antennas are important for modern wireless systems, as they can operate at multiple frequencies using a single compact design. This study introduces a multiband fractal antenna that combines circular and triangular geometries to improve performance across several bands. The design is chosen to maintain compactness while supporting efficient multiband operation. A Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is added to enhance impedance matching and overall efficiency. A comparison between ring and Split-Ring Resonators (SRR) shows that the ring resonator offers better bandwidth and filtering performance. The antenna achieves measured gains of 2.1 dBi, 3.2 dBi, 3.5 dBi and 4.8 dBi at 2.6 GHz, 3.8 GHz, 5.3 GHz and 8 GHz, respectively. The simulation results confirm that the antenna performs well, making it suitable for 5G, Internet of Things (IoT), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and satellite communication applications.