The Impact of the Materials Used on the Vehicle's Emission Behavior

There are numerous factors that significantly influence fuel consumption and the associated $\text{CO}_{2}$ emissions. These factors include: resistances (such as rolling, climbing, air resistance, and acceleration), route characteristics (length, road category and speed limits, road incline, elevation gain, frequency, and radius of curves), weight (the load in the trunk, including additional weights), operational weight (the weight of the vehicle when unloaded, without passengers or cargo, but including fluids like fuel, oil, coolant, as well as tools and a spare tire), and reference weight (which is the operational weight increased by 100 kg) [1]. Other factors include the materials and technologies used, driving speed, driving style (acceleration, deceleration, gear selection), engine idling time, tire pressure, traffic density and traffic flow intensity, air conditioning and heating, climatic conditions, and the vehicle's design and engine (including engine performance, type, emission standards, and the vehicle's aerodynamics). One of the key factors that affects not only a vehicle's performance but also its overall efficiency is its weight.