Need of Artificial Intelligence to Encounter the Impact of Future Climate Change on The Renewable Energy Potential in The Kingdom of Bahrain

Increasing pressures upon the energy sector and rising global emissions have heightened the call to diversify energy sources and expand the use of renewable energy (RE). Bahrain, a small island in the Arabian Gulf, is well suited to seeking solar, wind, and wave energy sources due to abundance of sunshine and proximity to the sea. These can help Bahrain to achieve 20% of the total energy from renewable sources by 2035. Studies have found the long-term solar potential on horizontal surface to be 408 W/m2, mean daily wind power density is 66.2 W/m² and tidal power in Bahrain reaches a maximum in September (0.339 W/m²) and March (0.340 W/m²). Lastly, current waterpower was estimated to be nearly 552 W/m².The current RE potential may change due to projected climate change caused by anthropogenic warming. Downward solar radiation is expected to decline 1.2% by 2070, compared to 2020, part of a phenomenon known as global dimming which stems from increased atmospheric aerosols and other factors. Wind speed is also projected to generally decrease in Bahrain (1.7%), similar to global projections which may also affect wave energy potential. However, none of these changes are significant and should not deter us from the expanded implementation of RE in Bahrain.The paper is devoted to highlighting these issues and shedding light on how an innovative artificial intelligence (AI) would encounter the expected effect of climate change on such RE sources. AI would foresee how RE devices should be manufactured and how buildings in the environment, including houses and buildings, to be flexible and resilient to either the excess of or dearth of such RE potentials.