Cloud Computing: Transformations, Opportunities, and Challenges

Cloud computing has come out as a breakthrough in the modern world technology where computing resources are provided over the internet through a service model. As a result, this survey aims at covering the following topics: the development process and history of cloud computing, the key technologies in cloud computing, the uses of cloud computing, the advantages, and disadvantages of cloud computing, the emerging issues in cloud computing, and the future trends in cloud computing. Incorporating the definition of the main concepts, including virtualization, distributed systems, and edge computing, the paper demonstrates the nature of the impact of cloud computing on industries and the possibilities it opens in various spheres of life, business, and science. The survey reveals the key opportunities of cloud computing that include cost, elasticity and availability and major challenges like security, delay and green IT. Other topics, such as multi-cloud approach, serverless computing, and quantum cloud services are also considered with the focus on how they can become the trend of this technology. The paper adds value to the existing knowledge base in the area of cloud computing by presenting a conceptual framework, which outlines the present state and possible developments of the concept. This highlights the urgent call for progress in security, sustainability, and the ability of systems to effectively communicate with one another in order to achieve long term stability and equal availability.