Cross-Cell User Association and Resource Allocation in mmWave High-Speed Railway to Ground Communications

With the rapid advancement of intelligent railway systems, a high-quality train-ground communication system is crucial. However, ensuring reliable wireless communication in ultra-high-speed environments remains a significant challenge due to severe Doppler effects, frequent inter-cell handovers, and diverse QoS demands. Existing solutions, such as soft/hard handover schemes, lack the flexibility to adapt to dynamic conditions, leading to service interruptions and suboptimal performance. In this paper, we propose a dynamic resource allocation strategy based on dual base station coordination, utilizing millimeter-wave (mmWave) technology and real-time train position prediction. This approach dynamically optimizes user association and spectrum allocation to accommodate the rapid movement of trains, reducing service interruptions and ensuring continuous high-quality communication. Simulation results show that our algorithm improves system QoS satisfaction by 37.5%-68.8% and achieves spectrum utilization rates between 76% and 90%, outperforming the comparison schemes. These results validate the effectiveness of our approach in addressing high-speed mobility challenges.