Ensuring Semantic Consistency in SysML v2 Models Through Metamodel-Driven Validation

Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) relies on formal models for system lifecycle management, supporting model coherence and efficient reuse of components. Modelling languages, particularly SysML v2, provide a standardized framework for complex system modelling, overcoming key limitations of earlier versions. Unlike SysML v1, which was a UML profile and inherited UML’s complexities, SysML v2 is designed to better handle multi-disciplinary, large-scale, and emergent system behaviours. However, the validation of SysML v2 models is still an emerging area, and while some methods are beginning to surface, comprehensive and standardized validation approaches are not yet fully established. This may pose challenges to ensuring correctness and reliability in engineering workflows. This paper presents a systematic, metamodel-based method for validating SysML v2 models, utilising the SysML v2 metamodel as a formal specification. By defining validation rules derived from this metamodel, the method facilitates automated detection of structural and semantic inconsistencies. A practical case study validates the method on SysML v2 models of aerospace, automotive, and software development domains, demonstrating the systematic identification and resolution of errors. This research advances SysML v2 model validation, contributing to broader MBSE objectives by ensuring correct SysML v2 models for complex system development in multi-disciplinary environments.