Isolated Multi-Port DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy Sources: A Review

Multi-port DC-DC converters (MPCs) become increasingly popular in power conversion for renewable energy sources (RESs), battery storage systems (BSSs), and electric vehicles (EVs). MPCs can be categorized into isolated or non-isolated structures. Isolated MPCs (IMPCs) have the galvanic isolation, higher voltage gain, bidirectional capability, and are easier to operate under soft-switching. This paper comprehensively reviews IMPCs to assist in developing new converters. Based on isolation of all or some of the ports, IMPCs can be divided into two groups: partially isolated converters (PICs) and fully isolated converters (FICs). A comparison of their architectures and features, including the applications, component count and efficiency, is presented, along with the circuit selection of IMPCs for different applications. Future research directions in IMPCs are recommended in this paper.