Hybrid Webrtc-Websocket Communication and Adaptive State Synchronization for Scalable Real-Time 3D Collaborative Whiteboard

This paper presents a hybrid communication model that combines WebRTC for low-latency peer-topeer interactions with WebSockets for signaling, session management, and fallback support. The system enables real-time whiteboard interactions within a distributed 3D workspace by employing predictive state synchronization algorithms to mitigate network inconsistencies. An event-driven architecture leverages Socket. IO for bidirectional messaging and Supabase for persistent session storage. Room-based partitioning and dynamic load-balancing strategies further enhance scalability. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the hybrid model outperforms related approaches, achieving lower round-trip latency, higher synchronization accuracy, and greater fault tolerance. The system maintains stable performance with minimal latency variance, optimized throughput, and efficient session recovery, making it a robust solution for virtual education, remote collaboration, and interactive simulations.