Current and Future Trends in Energy Harvesting Technology and Applications

As the search for sustainable and renewable energy solutions progresses, energy harvesting has emerged as a viable choice for the use of huge ambient energy resources that only require appropriate technology for wide scale applications. Waste heat, blowing wind, solar radiations, marvelous engineering infrastructure, and plants in forests and even human beings in there billions all possess energy that can be harvested and put into useful, application. Today, the harvesting technology is making an impact in the field include solar photovoltaic cells piezoelectric materials and electromagnetic harvesters. This study explores different types of energy harvesting technologies and how they can power various devices like consumer electronics and industrial machinery. The status and future trend of existing and upcoming technologies are assessed on potential and impact on energy transition. Energy harvesting is experiencing fast growth with current trend focusing on miniaturization in self-powered sensors and internet of things. Energy harvesting research is currently aimed at the development of micro and nano-scale energy harvesters, which will further reduce the size and footprint of energy harvesting systems. Current technologies are tailored to specific applications, like traffic monitoring and communication networks. Harvesters like piezoelectric sensors are applied in conversion of acoustic energy, to electricity for useful use, while combination of different sources in hybrid systems like combined vibration and light improves capturing efficiency and system reliability. The future trend is towards a more efficient and sustainable energy harvesting systems having greater reliability and scalability