Design and Control of MIMO Converter for Sustainable EV Charging Stations with Renewable Energy Integration

The transition from traditional vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) is driven by concerns over depleting non-renewable resources and global warming. Designing efficient and stable charging stations powered by renewable energy sources (RES) presents significant challenges, particularly in diverse geographical settings. This paper proposes a novel approach using a multi-input multi-output converter configuration to enhance the performance of EV charging stations. PV and fuel cells (FCs) are employed as primary power sources to ensure continuous power delivery, while energy storage system (ESS) acts as an auxiliary source to stabilize the system under fluctuating load conditions and intermittent RES availability. A Lyapunov-based nonlinear control strategy is implemented to address the inherent nonlinearities and disturbances affecting converter outputs. The proposed system is modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results validate the system’s capability to accurately track key parameters, such as battery voltage, PV voltage, FC reference current, and output voltage regulation, maintaining them effectively around their desired reference values. The proposed framework significantly contributes to the development of sustainable EV charging infrastructure through the effective integration of RESs.