Energy and Power Management System Design for Hotel Loads on Ships Using Renewable Energy and Biofuel-Based Fuel Cell Systems

This paper presents the design, implementation, and validation of a hybrid energy management system for maritime applications, focusing on optimizing power distribution for hotel loads in retrofitted vessels. The study explores the integration of biofuel-based fuel cells, energy storage systems (ESS), and renewable sources, particularly green ammonia and methanol-derived hydrogen fuel cells combined with photovoltaic (PV) panels and battery storage. A detailed framework is developed to define the operational strategy of the system, including rule-based energy management strategies (EMS), power management system (PMS) coordination, and hybrid energy optimization techniques. To assess the feasibility and performance of the proposed hybrid system, a powerplant simulation model is developed and tested under various operating conditions. A case study is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of peak shaving, load leveling, and charge replenishment strategies in improving system efficiency, reducing emissions, and ensuring energy security for maritime applications. The results highlight the potential of hybrid renewable-based propulsion and energy management solutions in advancing sustainable shipping.