Exploration of Wargaming and AI Applications in Military Decision-Making

Military wargaming is undergoing a paradigm shift through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), aimed at enhancing decision-making accuracy and operational responsiveness. This study evaluates the effectiveness of AI-enabled simulations across 150 scenarios, including urban warfare, amphibious assaults, and electronic warfare operations. Results indicated that AI-supported planning outperformed traditional humancentric methods by an average of $12.8 \%$ in decision-making accuracy, with the most significant improvement (17%) observed in amphibious scenarios. However, AI performance varied across operational environments, with urban and electronic warfare scenarios revealing challenges due to cultural complexity and adversary adaptability. Additionally, human-centric factors such as commander experience and troop morale had measurable impact on outcomes but remained difficult for AI systems to replicate. The findings suggest a hybrid command model wherein AI supports data-intensive processes while human leaders retain authority over context-sensitive and ethical decisions. This study provides a scalable and repeatable methodology for military organizations to integrate AI into joint planning and wargaming processes. It contributes directly to doctrinal development, staff training enhancement, and capability gap assessments across multidomain operations. The results also provide actionable input for force developers, recommending how AI-enabled tools can be institutionalized within joint training, planning toolkits, and decision-support protocols across the Joint Planning Process (JPP) and campaign-level wargaming. This alignment ensures that AI applications are not confined to technical experimentation but embedded within joint operational cycles, from tactical execution to strategic-level command decision-making.