Influence of Different Natural Fragment Drag Models on Performance of Simulated HE Warhead

The paper addresses allied standard procedure for indirect fire appreciation modelling, focusing on a simulation of munition effective area and challenges associated with natural fragment drag functions and their relation to natural fragment shape and overall motion. The results indicate that simplified model of natural fragment drag from the standard can lead to differences in calculated effective area of munitions when compared to a model with a drag coefficient function that describes natural fragment drag more precisely. The difference in the value of munition effective area against soft targets is $\mathbf{8. 8}$ percent, against light armour vehicle e.g. howitzer is $\mathbf{1 2. 5}$ percent. For assessing the effects of artillery warheads, the optimal constant fragment shape coefficient k was determined based on simulation results. The determined value $k=0.00377$ is by 17 percent lower than the conservative value recommended by the standard. On the other hand, when solving heavy fragment trajectory for safety purpose on longer distances, values recommended in standard yields optimal conservative results compared to simulation with more precise drag model.