Tongue Drive System and Antennas for Internet of Things Enabled Assistive Healthcare Applications: A Review

Wireless assistive technologies (ATs) are an effective means in Internet of Things (IoT) enabled healthcare systems for individuals with severe disability to communicate their intentions. Tongue drive system (TDS) is a wearable, nonintrusive, and wireless assistive technology (AT) that enables the disabled individuals to control and access the nearby smart devices (ex. mobile phone, laptop, computers etc.) through a set of tongue gestures. TDS become particularly important to employ the pervasive connectivity of wireless assistive devices. This article presents different forms of TDS and the state-of-art antenna design based on their TDS configuration and different design aspects. The development and opportunities for intraoral TDS (iTDS) antennas is covered in both single band and multiple band performance. In addition, a prospective insight into the implementation challenges and future directions of TDS is reported.