Electric Vehicle as a Mobile Energy Storage: Market Analysis and Grid Integration Challenges

The UK is on an ambitious journey towards net-zero emissions by 2050, with the transportation sector contributing 29 percent of GHG emissions. This paper provides an overview of the current state of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs/EVs) on UK roads, focusing on the statistical distribution of battery capacity, price, efficiency, and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) compatibility. The study analyses the potential of EVs, particularly V2Xcompatible ones, to enhance grid stability and facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources. It projects EV growth by 2035 using historical trends and UK government targets. An EV mobility model was created using national travel data to simulate daily EV usage profiles in the UK transport sector. The study highlights the importance of strategic EV integration for achieving a flexible, sustainable, and reliable energy system.