Modeling of Thermal Regulation of Battery Using Supercapacitor Parallel Architecture with Liquid Cooling System

In recent years, the rapid growth of electric vehicle (EV) technology has highlighted the crucial importance of effective temperature management systems in batteries. Overheating, shorter battery life, and safety concerns are typical challenges that existing battery thermal management systems struggle to address successfully, especially in high-demand situations. Today, battery packs are constructed with heat dissipation in mind, and external cooling equipment, such as a cooling fan, is widely used to ensure battery reliability and extend its useful life. However, these methods cannot achieve an instantaneous temperature drop to avert a thermal emergency situation. As a result, providing an ideal period for the battery along with liquid cooling allows for a faster temperature decline. In this paper, a MATLAB Simscape model is used to create a battery-supercapacitor parallel architecture with a dual-mode discharge strategy equipped with liquid cooling that can provide immediate thermal regulation, with the supercapacitor acting as an energy buffer during the battery’s idle period. The simulation findings show that the proposed strategy reduces the battery temperature during discharge while taking advantage of the parallel connection.