C-Ran Architecture Modeling for Joint Precoder Signaling

Queuing and processing delays in Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) infrastructure and Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) interfaces significantly impact downlink distributed MIMO and coherent Multi-Transmission Reception Point (multi-TRP) joint transmission (JT) performance. This work introduces a novel queue-based signaling delay model for beamformer design control, enabling a more realistic evaluation of centralized and decentralized JT Multi-TRP methods. The proposed model captures accurate midhaul/fronthaul signaling delays inherent to C-RAN architectures, providing fine-grained insights into their effects on Multi-TRP JT coordination. The primary objective is to minimize the sum mean-squared error (MSE) within joint transmission clusters while incorporating networkinduced signaling delays. The simulation results highlight the critical role of these delays in Multi-TRP JT performance and emphasize the need for delay-aware coordination strategies in next-generation wireless networks.