Dynamic Microgrids Formation Considering Energy Storage Sharing for Resilience Enhancement

Energy storage (ES) is a key method for addressing the intermittency of renewable energy generation during the restoration process of the distribution system (DS). As an advanced ES management framework, shared energy storage (SES) enables more efficient resource utilization and economic optimization. This paper proposes a hierarchical decision-making framework to investigate the resilience enhancement and economic benefits of SES under disaster conditions. The problem is modeled as a bi-level optimization model: the upper level aims to maximize the economic returns of the shared energy storage operator (SESO) through SES allocation, while the lower level focuses on the distribution system operator (DSO) forming dynamic microgrids and optimally dispatching SES to maximize load restoration. To solve the bi-level optimization problem where the non-convexity exists in the lower level, a hybrid algorithm combining heuristic and analytical methods is developed. Numerical results on a modified IEEE 33-node test feeder validate that the proposed framework improves DS resilience while ensuring economic profitability for the SESO, providing insights into deployment of SES in DS under disaster scenarios.