Lighting System Optimization, Components, and Simulation Tools for Building Installations: A Review

Globally, buildings account for approximately one-third of total energy consumption, with lighting systems contributing around 17% of a building’s total energy use. The initial design of a lighting system plays a crucial role in overall energy efficiency, as well-planned lighting solutions can significantly reduce daily energy consumption. Integrating energy-saving practices into lighting design has proven to be an effective strategy to mitigate rising energy demands. However, optimizing lighting systems is complex, as energy efficiency must be balanced with occupant comfort, which heavily influences energy usage patterns. Studies suggest that up to one-third of a building’s energy performance is affected by inefficient energy-related behaviors. Given these challenges, optimization techniques are essential in designing efficient lighting systems that minimize energy consumption while maintaining comfortable indoor environments. This paper provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art lighting system designs in buildings, analyzing optimization techniques, tools, and methodologies used in previous research. It traces the evolution of lighting system optimization over the past two decades, highlighting key research objectives, constraints, and influencing factors. Additionally, it identifies existing gaps and research opportunities in lighting system optimization, considering emerging trends and future requirements. The study explores various meta-heuristic optimization methods such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO), and Genetic Algorithms (GA), among others, which have been widely applied in past research, achieving energy savings of up to 70%. Commonly used simulation tools, including DIALux and MATLAB, are reviewed for their role in optimizing lighting system performance. Furthermore, the paper provides insights into current industry practices and the challenges faced by consulting engineers in implementing advanced optimization techniques due to complexity and time constraints. To bridge the gap between research and practical application, a guideline framework for optimal lighting system design is proposed. This framework considers practicality, material selection, regulatory standards, and real-world constraints to assist lighting designers and engineers in implementing efficient and sustainable lighting solutions. By synthesizing past research and emerging trends, this study aims to contribute to the ongoing development of smarter, more energy-efficient lighting systems in buildings.