Fostering Critical Thinking in STEM Education for Underserved Communities with a Low-Cost 3D-Printed Microscope

STEM education is often challenging for high school students in underserved communities, emphasizing the need to foster critical thinking for deeper understanding and practical application of concepts. This study presents a cost-effective, 3D-printed microscope designed to enhance STEM learning in resource-limited settings. Developed using additive manufacturing, the customizable microscope integrates with a Project-Based Learning (PBL) framework, utilizing structured rubrics to assess critical thinking and scientific knowledge. Field tests in underprivileged schools in Pakistan demonstrated significant improvements in students' data analysis, problem-solving, and experimental skills. This affordable optical tool showcases the transformative potential of photonics in advancing STEM education for underserved communities.