Integrating Indoor Localization Technologies for Enhanced Smart Education: Challenges, Innovations, and Applications

This comprehensive study investigates the integration of indoor localisation technologies in Smart Education (SE) environments, emphasizing their transformative potential to optimize educational systems. Moreover, this work reviews various technologies such as WiFi, 5G, Bluetooth, IoT, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), analysing their advantages, limitations, and applicability within educational settings. Special attention is given to privacy concerns, exploring compliance with international regulations such as the GDPR. A novel Proof of Concept (PoC) is presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of an Automatic Attendance Control (AAC) system leveraging WiFi and 5G technologies. By combining these radio technologies, the PoC achieves real-time localisation with a high degree of accuracy and scalability, even in resource-constrained environments. The results highlight the significant improvements in attendance management and other potential applications, such as real-time navigation and occupancy monitoring, contributing to enhanced efficiency and quality in educational institutions. This study underscores the potential of indoor localisation technologies to advance SE and offers insights for future innovation in smart, technology-driven learning ecosystems.