12-bit Delta-Sigma ADC Operating at a Temperature of Up to 250 °C in Standard 0.18 μm SOI CMOS

Some applications require electronic systems to operate at extremely high temperature. Extending the operating temperature range of automotive-grade CMOS processes — through the use of dedicated design techniques — can provide an important cost-effective advantage. We present a second-order discrete-time delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter operating at a temperature of up to $250~^{\circ }$ C, well beyond the $175~^{\circ }$ C qualification temperature of the automotive-grade CMOS process used for its fabrication (XFAB XT018). The analog-to-digital converter incorporates design techniques that are effective in mitigating the adverse effects of the high temperature, such as increased leakage currents and electromigration. We use configurations of dummy transistors for leakage compensation, clock-boosting methods to limit pass-gate cross-talk, and we optimized the circuit architecture to ensure stability and accuracy at high temperature. Comprehensive measurements demonstrate that the analog-to-digital converter achieves a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 93 dB at $250~^{\circ }$ C over a signal bandwidth of 146 Hz, with an effective number of bits of 12, and a power consumption of only 44 mW. The die area of the converter is only 0.065 mm² and the area overhead of the high-temperature mitigation circuits is only 13.7%. The Schreier Figure of Merit is 140 dB at the maximum temperature of $250~^{\circ }$ C, proving the potential of the circuit for reliable operation in challenging applications such as gas and oil extraction and aeronautics.