A Survey on Magnetic Sensing and Communication: Technologies, Sensors, and Applications

Magnetic sensing and communication technologies have undergone rapid advancements, playing a critical role in modern applications. From consumer electronics to industrial systems, magnetic sensors, such as Hall effect (HALL) sensors, Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors, Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR) sensors, and Tunnel Magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors, have emerged as essential components due to their contactless operation, durability, and resistance to environmental factors. This survey provides a comprehensive review of technologies, sensors, and applications of magnetic sensing and communication. In this survey, we first introduce the sensing principle and hardware platform of these four different types of magnetic sensors. We then provide a comprehensive review of existing magnetic sensing and communication works. We further explore magnetic sensing and communication tasks and their application in fields including automotive systems, smart grid management, medical equipment, and security systems. We also discuss current research challenges and potential directions for future development in magnetic technologies.