Survey of Electric Truck Technologies and Infrastructure Support

Heavy-duty diesel trucks contribute significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions, while battery electric trucks (BETs) offer a potential solution to zero emissions while providing high energy efficiency and low operating noise. However, the widespread deployment of BETs is faced with the challenges of range anxiety and insufficient infrastructure support when it comes to charging. This article offers a comprehensive survey of the recent developments in BET technology, presenting information on regenerative braking, motors, battery technologies, and charging as well as future prospects of BET adoption. The current status and future expectations of BETs are also discussed by considering the ongoing market developments and potential advancements in batteries and charging technologies. We use a simple example of a 410-mi route from Long Beach, CA, USA, to San Francisco, CA, to highlight the importance of charging scheduling and strategic planning for infrastructure to reduce operating costs and position BETs as feasible alternatives to diesel trucks.