An ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2022 Standard-Based Adaptation for Systems-of-Systems

The increasing adoption of system-of-systems (SoS) engineering has emerged as a crucial approach for designing architectures that manage complex, decentralized systems across various domains, including IoT-enabled infrastructure. This paper introduces a metamodel that aligns with the ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2022 standard for architecture description, tailored to address the unique challenges of SoS. A formal classification technique leveraging first-order predicate logic ensures precise and consistent SoS categorization. The metamodel’s applicability is demonstrated through a case study on integrated water and energy management, involving real-world implementation. To evaluate its effectiveness, the Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) methodology is applied, detailing metrics for performance, relevance, usefulness and adaptability. A comparative analysis with existing models underscores the metamodel’s strengths in addressing SoS-specific requirements. By bridging theoretical rigor with practical usability, this work advances SoS modeling and offers a standards-based solution, with IoT-enabled examples illustrating its versatility and potential.