D-Band MIMO Radar With On-Chip Antenna Elements for 3-D Imaging

Recent advances in millimeter-wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar architectures have enabled security screening systems capable of detecting concealed threats, including nonmetallic hazardous objects. However, these systems often face challenges related to the distribution of high-frequency signals and bulky external antennas, increasing the complexity and cost of the system. In this work, we present a D-band MIMO radar where high-frequency signals are generated locally at each element of the array. The proposed design leverages commercially available monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) with on-chip antennas, ensuring a compact and scalable solution. By integrating a horizontal 1-D MIMO array with a mechanical aperture, our system achieves 3-D imaging with subcentimeter cross-range resolution at distances below 3 m.