Field Deployment of BiodivX Drones in the Amazon Rainforest for Biodiversity Monitoring

Tropical rainforests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth and also among the most threatened by anthropogenic pressures such as deforestation and climate change. Understanding human impact and the efficacy of conservation and preservation efforts requires scalable and comprehensive biodiversity monitoring solutions. As a winning finalist of the XPRIZE Rainforest Competition, ETH BiodivX collected biodiversity data from 100 ha of rainforest in the Amazon, in 24 h. A suite of complementary data types were captured, from remote sensing maps and close-up images to surface and water environmental DNA (eDNA), along with canopy rafts that collect specimens, close-up images, and bioacoustic recordings. A distributed mesh communication network allows for a persistent link to the drone, up to the edges of the competition area. Optimized workflows allow for a full RGB and digital surface model (DSM) after only one and a half hours. The captured DSM was then used to collect surface eDNA fully autonomously, and using the communication network, surface eDNA was collected at distances up to 1.4 km from the base station. Preprocessed multispectral satellite remote sensing provides indicators of water locations, which were then sampled for water eDNA. The canopy rafts can act as communication nodes or data collection stations, providing long-term bioacoustic recordings, insect images, and specimens. By utilizing a commercial drone platform with modular payloads for diverse tasks, the solutions are robust and easy to use. These field-proven systems mark a major step toward scalable biodiversity monitoring, including in some of the world’s most remote and biodiverse regions: tropical rainforests.INDEX TERMS Biodiversity assessments, canopy raft, drones, environmental DNA (eDNA), environmental monitoring, insect trap, remote sensing.