Enhancing TCP/IP Architecture Learning through Virtual Reality Technology

Understanding the TCP/IP architecture in intro-ductory Computer Networks courses presents challenges for undergraduate students due to the abstract nature of concepts such as protocols, layers, services, and encapsulation. While 2D and 3D multimedia animations have been employed to support learning, the educational impact of Virtual Reality (VR) animations remains underexplored. To address this gap, we developed WireXRk, a 3D visualization tool that automatically generates interactive animations of network packets captured from real TCP/IP networks. These an-imations are accessible via VR Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) or standard web browsers on desktop computers. In a study involving 134 freshmen and sophomores across four Computer Networks engineering courses, students were divided into three groups that utilized either traditional slides, 3D animations on a web browser, or 3D animations with VR HMDs. Among students with higher admission grades, learning outcomes were similar across all groups. However, for students with lower admission grades, significant differences emerged: those using traditional slides or 3D animations with VR HMDs performed better than those using 3D animations on a desktop. This suggests that students with less academic experience may benefit from more dynamic learning environments, reinforcing the need for future pedagogical approaches that integrate VR headsets to enhance engagement and retention.