Post Quantum-Resistant Blind Signature Scheme for Consumer Internet of Things Security

To overcome the issue of traditional blind signature schemes being vulnerable to quantum computing attacks during interactions over the consumer electronic Internet of Things (CIoT), a new blind signature scheme called CDBS has been developed. The post quantum digital signature technique CRYSTALS-Dilithium, which was standardized by NIST, serves as the foundation for the quantum-resistant blind signature scheme, CDBS, presented in this study. This system is appropriate for a variety of Internet application scenarios, including e-ticketing, anonymous payments, and privacy protection, because it integrates the idea of blind signatures, which is not included in typical digital signature schemes. This scheme is designed to resist quantum computing attacks and is based on the post-quantum digital signature algorithm CRYSTALS-Dilithium, which NIST has selected. The whole technique utilizes the Fiat-Shamir signature structure, which consists of five stages: key creation, blinding, signing, unblinding, and verification. The security of the proposed scheme is dependent on the resolution of the Module Learning with Errors (MLWE) problem and the Short Integer Solution (SIS) problem. Additionally, the scheme must satisfy the criteria of correctness, blindness, and unforgeability. According to the test results, the CRYSTALS-Dilithium scheme requires an average of $401.89~\mu $ s for a single round of verification and signing. The CDBS technique takes an average of $657.65~\mu $ s for one round of signing and verification since the blinding and unblinding modules are added on top of the original algorithm, increasing the algorithm’s complexity. The software testing results indicate that the average time required to complete a single full blind signature and verification operation is 657.65 microseconds. The suggested system offers a framework for expanding the CRYSTALS-Dilithium digital signature algorithm.